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10 Chinese Sayings from Literature
 
Proverbs are eloquent and tell the naked truth in a quick turn of phrase, and so make excellent literary devices. Here are 10 literary quotes most frequently used in Chinese daily life.
 
1. 事实胜于雄辩。 (Shìshí shèng yú xióngbiàn) — Facts beat eloquence.
From Lu Xun's "Hot Wind" (鲁迅《热风题记》), it's like, "Actions speak louder than words."
 
2. 一言既出,驷马难追。(Yìyán jì chū, sìmǎ nán zhuī) — A team of horses will struggle to chase down a spoken word.
From "The Analects of Yan Yuan" (《论语·颜渊》), it means a word spoken can never be taken back, or a promise must be kept.
 
3. 三思而后行。 (Sānsī ér hòu xíng) — Think thrice before you act.
From "The Analects" (《论语》), it's like: "Look before you leap."
 
4. 有理走遍天下,无理寸步难行。(Yǒulǐ zǒubiàn tiānxià, wúlǐ cùnbù nánxíng) — With truth on your side, you can go anywhere; without truth, you can't take a tiny step.
From the philosophical work "White Horse Thesis" (白马论) by Gong Sunlong (公孙龙), this stresses the fact that righteousness will see you through all difficulties, whereas without it your progress will be hampered from the very start.
 
5. 十年树木,百年树人。 (Shínián shù mù, bǎinián shù rén) — Ten years to cultivate wood, a hundred years to cultivate a man.
From the work of Guan Zhong (《管子·权修 第三》) who was a politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, it means that (though 10 years to grow a tree that's ready to be used as wood is a long time,) a person's education is a life-long process or most time-consuming.
 
6. 人过留名,雁过留声。 (Rén guò liúmíng, yàn guò liúsheng) — A person leaves a reputation, as a swallow leaves its call.
From the 32nd chapter of Legend of Heroes (《儿女英雄传》), it means that someone's reputation is easily remembered.
 
7. 麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。(Máquè suī xiǎo, wǔzàng jù quán) — Small as it is, the sparrow has all the vital organs.
From Qian Zhongshu's work "Fortress Besieged" (《围城》), it means that although something looks small, its content is very comprehensive.
 
8.一举两得。(Yī jǔ liǎng dé) — Two benefits from one action.
Variously attributed to "History of the Later Han Dynasty" (c. 200), "The Book of Jin" (420), "Stories to Caution the World" (1624, Feng Menglong), and Lu Xun's collected letters, this is the Chinese version of "to kill two birds with one stone" (一石二鸟。Yīshíèrniǎo. 'one stone two birds'), possibly of Ovid.
 
9. 化干戈为玉帛。 (Huà gāngē wéiyùbó) — Replace weapons with jade and silk.
From the first chapter of the "Huainanzi" (《淮南子·原道训》), i.e. to "bury the hatchet" and work for peace.
 
10. 捷足先登。 (Jiézú xiān dēng) — The quick footed climb first.
From the Historical Records (《史记》), i.e. "first come, first served", or "the early bird gets the worm", this is the old version of "先到先得" (Encouragement #14 above).

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