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Chinese Grammar: Measure words with "this" and "that"
 
In English, when you refer to "this table" or "that girl" you only need two words: "this" or "that" plus the noun you're referring to. In Chinese, though, you also need a measure word in the middle between the two. In the very beginning you can get away with using 个 (gè) for everything, but pretty soon you're going to have to start using other measure words in these simple phrases.
If you use 这 (zhè) or 那 (nà) before a noun, you also need to include a measure word before the noun.
 
Structure: 这 / 那 + Measure Word + Noun
Examples:
Note: In this usage, the tone of 个 (gè) tends to soften, so it's represented below as a neutral tone.
那个人 (nàge rén) = that person
这本书 (zhè běn shū) = this book
那件事 (nà jiàn shì) = that matter (in the sense of business, affair, or thing)
这瓶啤酒 (zhè píng píjiǔ) = this bottle of beer
那个房间 (nàge fángjiān) = that room
那台电脑 (nà tái diànnǎo) = that new computer
这只猫 (zhè zhī māo) = that cat
那条河 (nà tiáo hé) = that river
这件衣服 (zhè jiàn yīfu) = this piece of clothing
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