Family relations can reach out over several generations and through many extensions. English terms for family members only consider two factors: generation and gender. While in English, there is only one way to say "aunt," for example, there are multiple ways to say "aunt" in Chinese depending on many factors. Is she your aunt on your mother's or father's side? Is she the eldest sibling? The youngest? Is she an aunt by blood or an in-law? All these questions are considered when figuring out the proper way to address a family member. Therefore, a family member's title is packed with lots of information! In Chinese culture, it is important to know how to correctly address a family member. Calling a family member by the wrong title can be considered impolite. Here is a list of Mandarin Chinese names of extended family members. 祖父 (zǔ fù) - Paternal Grandfather, or father's father 祖母 (zǔ mǔ) - Paternal Grandmother, or father's mother 外公 (wài gōng) - Maternal Grandfather, or mother's father 外婆 (wài pó) - Maternal Grandmother, or mother's mother 伯父 (bó fù) - Uncle, specifically father's older brother 伯母 (bó mǔ) - Aunt, specifically father's older brother's wife 叔父 (shū fù) - Uncle, specifically father's younger brother 婶婶 (shěn shěn) - Aunt, specifically father's younger brother's wife 舅舅 (jiù jiu) - Uncle, specifically mother's older or younger brother 舅妈 (jiù mā) - Aunt, specifically the mother's brother's wife 阿姨 (ā yí) - Aunt, specifically mother's sister 姨丈 (yí zhàng) - Uncle, specifically the mother's sister's husband 姑妈 (gū mā) - Aunt, specifically father's sister 姑丈 (gū zhàng) - Uncle, specifically father's sister's husband
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