| 开 (kāi) is one of the first Chinese characters you learn. Imagine you are sitting in the classroom when the teacher arrives. Your teacher enteres the class and asks: 请打开书 (qǐng dǎ kāi shū, please open the books). 打开 (dǎ kāi) is a verb, meaning to open, to turn something on. It can refer to a book, box, gift, window, door, TV, and so on. For example: 她打开电灯了。(Tā dǎ kāi diàn dēng le) - She turned on the light. 屋子里太闷气了，打开窗户吧。(Wū zi lǐ tài mèn qì le, dǎ kāi chuāng hù ba) - The room is too stuffy, open the windows.  张开 (zhāng kāi) is another verb that means to open, to spread. It usually refers to objects that can be widely stretched out, as body parts, leaves and petals, collars, sails, clouds, etc. For example: 帆均已张开。(Fān jūn yǐ zhāng kāi) - The sails have been opened. 花瓣在阳光下张开了。(Huā bàn zài yang guāng xià zhāng kāi le) - The petals opened in the sun. 他张开嘴巴说不出话。(Tā zhāng kāi zuǐ bā shuō bu chū huà) - He opened his mouth and couldn’t speak. Another common phrase with the character 开 is 开放 (kāi fàng). 开放 is a verb with a different meaning of opening. It doesn’t refer to objects; it belongs to the semantic fields of regulations and flora. When referring to flowers the verb 开放 means to bloom, to come into bloom. For example: 水仙花在春天开放。(Shuǐ xiān huā zài chūn tiān kāi fàng) - Daffodils bloom in spring. 许多花的花瓣在阳光下开放。(Xǔ duō huā de huā bàn zài yang guāng xià kāi fàng) - The petals of many flowers bloom in the sun. 开放 also means to open to the outside world, to open for public use. It is well known from the Chinese term of the Opening of China in the late 1970s: 改革开放 (gǎi gé kāi fang, Opening Reform). The reform’s goal was well concluded in the Central Committee meeting: 改革开放可总结为对内改革，对外开放 (gǎi gé kāi fàng kě zǒng jié wéi duì nèi gǎ igé, duì wài kāi fàng, the Opening Reform can be summarized as internal reform and opening to the outside world). 开 also stands for itself. It’s a verb meaning to open, that is used without the character 打 preceding it. It refers to any object, but notice that with some objects the 开 + object phrase bears extra meaning. The phrase 开门 (kāi mén, to open + door), for example, has two meanings. The first simply means to open an actual door, and refers to the physical action of opening the door. The second usage of the phrase 开门applies to stores, restaurants and other commercial services. It means to open the door in order to receive the public, to start the business day. For example: 诊所明天几点开门？(Zhěn suǒ míng tiān jǐ diǎn kāi mén) - What time does the clinic open tomorrow? 这家办公室星期天不开门。(Zhè jiā bàn gong shì xīng qí tiān bù kāi mén) - This office is closed on Sundays. Other phrases of 开 that relate to the business world are: 开业 (kāi yè) = to start a business, to set up a business 开张 (kāi zhāng) = to open a business, to be open for business Although 开 and the above common phrases bear the meaning of opening, the character 开 has also many other meanings and usages, for example: to initiate, to start, to drive, to boil or to write. But this for another article. |
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