In Chinese, the simplest structure for expressing "too" in the sense of "excessively" is by using the word 太 (tài). Don't forget to also add 了 (le) after the adjective to keep your Chinese sounding natural.
Structure: 太 + Adj. + 了
As in English, this can express that something really is excessive (often as a complaint) or can also colloquially express the meaning of "so" or "very."
Examples:
The following examples sound a little bit like a complaint, or a reason for not doing something. They're similar to how we would use "too" in English, and the translations are straightforward.
米饭太多了。(mǐfàn tài duō le) = There is too much rice.
现在太晚了。(xiànzài tài wǎn le) = Now it's too late.
老板太忙了。 (lǎobǎn tài máng le) = The boss is too busy.
老师太累了。 (lǎoshī tài lèi le) = The teacher is too tired.
这个厕所太脏了。 (zhège cèsuǒ tài zāng le) = This restroom is too dirty.
In the following examples, the same exact pattern is used to exclaim how good something is, so these uses are totally not complaints. The English translations have to get a little more creative to express the same feeling in English.
你太好了。 (nǐ tài hǎo le) = You are so great.
他太帅了。 (tā tài shuài le) = He is very handsome.
这个女孩太漂亮了。 (zhège nǚhái tài piàoliang le) = This girl is so pretty.
小猫太可爱了！ (xiǎomāo tài kě'ài le) = The kitten is so cute!
你的孩子太聪明了。 (nǐ de háizi tài cōngming le) = Your kid is wicked smart.
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